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Cytoskeletal Molecular Motors

The Cytoskeleton

In ordinary preparations of visible light microscopy or electronic, the cytoskeleton appears transparent and therefore invisible. Generally not as drawn in the schemes of the cell but is an important cellular component, complex and dynamic. The cytoskeleton maintains the shape of the cell, "anchor" the organelles in place and move part of the cell processes of growth and mobility.

There

various types of protein filaments that constitute the cytoskeleton: microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments.

The microtubules are composed of subunits of a protein called tubulin and are often used by the cell to maintain its shape, are also the largest component of cilia and flagella.

The microfilaments are composed of subunits of the protein actin. They are about one third the diameter of the microtubule and are often used by the cell to change its structure so as to maintain it.

A large number of proteins associated with the cytoskeleton that control its structure both through the guidance and direction of the filaments and groups of their movement. A particularly interesting group of proteins associated with the cytoskeleton are "other" phones, such as myosin (an "engine" that moves actin filaments) and kinesin (a "motor" for microtubule).

The three components cytoskeleton are interconnected and form a lattice, which extends from the cell surface to the core. This system is built on a common architectural model is in an amazing variety of natural systems and is known as tensional integrity (tensegrity). This expression indicates that the system stabilizes itself mechanically, because of how the compression and tension forces are distributed and balanced within the structure.

structures that respond to this model of tensional integrity not reach mechanical stability and resistance of individual members but by the way the whole structure distributes and balances mechanical stresses. In these structures the tension is transmitted seamlessly through all elements estructurales.En other words, an increase of stress in any element of the structure is felt in all others. This overall increase in pressure is balanced by an increase in the compression of certain elements all over the structure. An archetypal example of these structures are geodesic domes Buckminster Fuller.

should be noted that the universal rules governing the construction applies to the formation of organizational structures, from molecules to tissues.

Centrioles and Basal Bodies.

are basically the same thing, are interconvertible structures. A centriole is made up of nine bundles of microtubules triplets. A triplet contains a complete microtubule fused to two incomplete. The basal bodies are related with cilia and flagella where, as centrioles, are associated with the cytoskeleton.

Centrioles play a vital role in cell division. They are surrounded by a dense material that stains the pericentriolar material , from which microtubules originate, even in cells without centrioles microtubules originating from this material.

Centrioles are often known for their role in cell division. They are members of the centrosome consisting of two perpendicular centrioles. The centrioles appear to determine the position of material pericentriolar, which in turn affects cell polarity. Note that the functional centrosome is typically from an embryo sperm fertilizing.

To expand on this topic see this literature.

Cytoskeleton Tutorial

Microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments

The cytoskeleton

http://www.biologia.arizona.edu/cEll/tutor/cyto/page1.html

Cytoskeleton

http://www2.uah.es/biologia_celular/LaCelula/Cel5CK.html

CancerQuest

http://cancerquest.org/index.cfm?page=46 & ; lang = English & English CHANGETABLE =

Cell Biology Manual

http://w3.cnice.mec.es/eos/MaterialesEducativos/mem2001/biologia/citoplasma/esqueleto.htm

interaction between actin and other molecules, such as myosin -

Did you know ...?

actin filaments play an important role in cell motility . Among its properties emphasizes their polarity, which is behavior different from its two extremes: while one is biased or lengthens (positive end), the other tends to shorten or depolymerize (negative end). In addition, actin filaments are involved in phagocytosis in the process of muscle contraction and production of cytoplasmic flows .

For their part, intermediate filaments are highly resistant protein fibers that play a structural role in cells, especially those who are subjected to significant mechanical stresses. Depending on the cell type predominantly one or the other (neurofilament in cells nerve, vimentin in blood vessels, etc.) It is this diversity is of immense use in source characterization in cancer metastasis, thus, determining the type of intermediate filament we know the tissue where they produced the original tumor . But then, in addition, these filaments may help in the prenatal diagnosis congenital malformations.